Comparison of the Effect of Transpalatal Arch on Periodontal Stress and Displacement of Molars When Subjected to Orthodontic Forces. A Finite Element Analysis.

Introduction: The transpalatal arch has been used successfully for decades during routine orthodontic treatment for various purposes, including reinforcing anchorage. In the light of current scientific advancements with more precise knowledge of biology of tooth movement, it is prudent to study whether transpalatal arch is effective in preserving anchorage. Objectives: The aim of this finite element study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the transpalatal arch on periodontal stresses of molars and displacements when subjected to orthodontic forces. Methods: Stress patterns and displacements between models with and without a transpalatal arch were investigated by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. A finite element model of the maxillary first molars, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and transpalatal arch was created, that consisted of 1, 69,036 elements and 29,518 nodes. A simulated orthodontic retraction force of 2N was applied to the maxillary first molar in a mesial direction. Resultant von mises stresses were evaluated and compared in models with and without transpalatal arch, as well as displacement in models with and without transpalatal arch. Results: Results suggested that the presence of a transpalatal arch has no effect on molar tipping, decreases molar rotations, and reduces periodontal von mises stress magnitudes by less than 1%. Conclusions: The presence of the transpalatal arch induces only minor changes in the dental and periodontal stress distribution. Alternative methods can be used where absolute anchorage is required however transpalatal arch should not be considered an unnecessary tool in the treatment of orthodontic patients because of its various functions.

Evaluation of analgesic activity of irbesartan in albino mice.

Background: The objective was to evaluate the analgesic activity of irbesartan in albino mice. Methods: Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 g of either sex were selected for the study. Six animals were allocated to each experimental group. The control group received normal saline (25 ml/kg, p.o.), standard group received pentazocine (10mg/kg, intraperitonial [i.p.]) and test group received irbesartan (20 mg/kg, p.o.). The above drugs were administered 1 hr prior to the experiments. In case of visceral pain model 0.6% acetic acid was given i.p. 30 mins prior to the experiment to induce writhing, in thermal pain model pretreated mice were placed on Eddy’s Hotplate maintained at 55°C and in mechanical stimulus pain model an artery clip was clamped at the base of the tail of pretreated mice. Decrease in total number of writhes in acetic acid induced writhing model and delay in reaction time in both Eddy’s hot plate and Tail clip method denoted analgesic activity respectively. Results: The test drug signifi cantly decreased the total number of writhes in acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. The percentage inhibition of writhing was signifi cant which was 84.35% in the standard group and 59.24% in the test group. The test drug signifi cantly delayed the reaction time in both Eddy’s hot plate and tail clip method when compared to control group and standard group. Percentage increase in latency period when compared to standard drug was signifi cant and measured 73.11% and 64.31% at 60 min in both Eddy’s hot plate and tail clip method, respectively. Conclusion: Irbesartan exhibits analgesic activity in albino mice.

Sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as a root end filling material: An ex vivo evaluation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate when used as a root-end filling material using the dye-penetration technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 single-rooted human teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and 3-mm deep root-end cavity preparations were made. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups, each containing 8 teeth, and 2 negative and positive control groups, each containing 8 teeth. Root-end cavities in the experimental groups were filled with the experimental materials. After application of nail polish, the teeth were exposed to India ink for 72 h and longitudinally sectioned, and the extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Results : No statistically significant differences were observed in the sealing ability of gray and white MTA mixed with distilled water and 0.12% CHX. Conclusion : CHX appears to be a good alternative to replace distilled water, as a solution to be mixed with MTA.

Pre-Surgical Nasolveolar Molding In Patients With Unilateral Clefts of Lip, Alveolus And Plate - A Case Report.

The case of a newborn male patient with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate with a marked cleft nose deformity is presented. This may lead to an unsatisfactory aesthetic result after primary cheiloplasty and nasoplasty. Five months prior to surgery, the patient was treated with Naso-alveolar molding. The device consisted of an acrylic plate on the maxillary arch to which was attached a wire of 0.032 inch diameter which lifted the nasal dome. The alignment of the alveolar segments creates the foundation upon which excellent results of lip and primary nasal surgery are dependent in the repair of the cleft lip and palate patient. The purpose of this article is to highlight the effectiveness of naso alveolar molding appliance used to direct growth of the alveolar ridge, lips, and nose in the pre surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate. As a result of this appliance, the primary surgical repair of the nose and lip heals under minimal tension, thereby reducing scar formation and improving the esthetic result.

Variation in the Origin of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: A Case Report / Variación en el Origen del Músculo Esternocleidomastoideo: Reporte de Caso

A rare case of additional slip in the origin of the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle was found during our routine dissection, on both sides of the neck in an elderly male cadaver. However, on both side of the same muscle no such additional slip of origin was found at the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid near its origin nor at its insertion of the muscle.

Durante una disección de rutina, fue encontrado un raro caso de un fascículo adicional en el origen de la cabeza clavicular del músculo esternocleidomastoideo, en ambos lados del cuello, en un cadáver de un anciano de sexo masculino. Sin embargo, en ambos lados, no se encontró un fascículo adicional en el origen de la cabeza esternal ni en la inserción del músculo esternocleidomastoideo.

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a patient with tuberculous meningitis.

We report a case of a 65 year male with meningitis who had polyuria, severe hyponatremia, volume depletion and very high urinary sodium excretion. He was diagnosed to have cerebral salt wasting syndrome based on clinical and laboratory parameters.

Plus minus lid syndrome with ataxia.

Plus minus lid syndrome is an ocular syndrome characterized by unilateral ptosis and contralateral lid retraction. Also when the ipsilateral lid is raised manually, the contralateral retracted lid does not revert. This patient presented with features of plus minus lid syndrome with ataxia due to a vascular mesencephalic lesion.

Bronchial foreign bodies.

Foreign body aspiration is an extremely serious problem in childhood with varied clinical presentation demanding high degree of suspicion on the part of clinician. Surgical emphysema of the neck and chest often complicates tracheostomy and sharp penetrating injuries to the neck perforating viscera of the aerodigestive tract. Rarely if follows chest injuries. But emphysema due to the neck of foreign bodies in the bronchus is quite rare. The authors hereby report four cases of surgical emphysema following foreign body aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree.

Tracheobronchial foreign bodies.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] Foreign body inhalation is an extremely serious problem in children and sometimes result in sudden death. The current mortality rate from foreign body inhalation is between 0% and 1.8% according to various studies. In spite of this, undiagnosed and unsuspected foreign bodies still occur in the airway. METHODS: Pediatric patients with documented foreign body inhalation, treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Bapuji Hospital, JJM Medical College during 1997-2000 are included in the analysis. Children with or without positive history of aspiration were examined and the diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical findings, radilogic evaluation and strong index of suspicion in those children where reasonable appropriate treatment failed to resolve the respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy was performed for a suspected foreign body on 165 children. RESULT: A review of 165 pediatric cases of suspected foreign body aspiration revealed, children between 1 and 3 years were found to be very vulnerable for aspiration. Majority of children were boys. Over 70% of the patients had positive history of inhalation. Only 60% of the patients presented immediately, that is within 24 hours after aspiration. Common symptoms were cough and respiratory distress. Physical examination showed abnormal finding in 91% of cases. Decreased air entry was the significant clinical sign. Obstructive emphysema was found in majority of the cases (49.5%). Rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was the preferred method for removal of aspirated foreign body. In 65 (61.9%) cases foreign body was lodged in the right main bronchus and majority of these were organic in nature, that is 96 (91.43%). CONCLUSION: Tracheobronchial foreign bodies should be strongly suspected in pediatric age group who present with a suggestive history, even when physical and radiographic evidence is absent. The modalities of diagnosis, management and outcome are discussed.

Orthodontic tooth movement and bioelectricity.

Research in the field of orthodontics is now focused on the biology of tooth movement. Advanced molecular biology techniques has showed the researchers new avenue towards finding answers to the questions asked for the last few decades. Now it is possible for the researches to explore the lacunae in the field. One such field is, pharmaco-therapeutically or electrophysiologically enhancing the rate of tooth movement, improving the stability of the results, augmenting the anchorage. The voltage gated channels of cell membrane of connective tissue cells of the periodontal ligament can be modulated by electrophysiological ways. The application of an electric current may alter the electrolytic environment allowing changes in the type and rate of ions that move across the cell membranes. Changes of the flux of K+, Ca++, Na+, Mg+, and Cl. can act as a mediator for cellular changes. Micro-pulsed electrical stimulation could reach bone osteoblasts non-invasively and this current can result in an increase in the cAMP and cGMP. These cyclic nucleotides are a type of second messenger, which play a role in the efficient remodeling of alveolar bone and in including more tooth movement. This article discusses the role of electrical potential in orthodontic tooth movement, methodology of studying the electrophysiology of cell membrane and the recent advances in the field and its possible clinical application.

An unusual paratyphoid fever.

Salmonella typhi is known to produce acalculous cholecystitis and related gall bladder perforation. Following is a documentation of a patient of sub-phrenic abscess and gall bladder perforation which was possibly a result of Salmonella paratyphi A.

Type Ib glycogenosis.

Type Ib glycogenosis is a rare glycogen storage disorder resulting from a defect in the enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase microsomal translocase. We report a case of Type Ib glycogenosis in an 18 month-old male child who presented with a history of hypoglycemic seizures and recurrent infections and had a massive hepatomegaly, recurrent hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, neutropenia and fasting lactacidemia which decreased sharply on glucose administration.

Arginase deficiency.

Hyperargininemia due to arginase deficiency is a rare, inherited, urea cycle disorder. We report a case of arginase deficiency in a 5-year old boy presenting with mild hyperammonemia, hyperargininemia, and dibasic aminoaciduria.

Early gastric carcinoma.

This is a retrospective analysis of 8 cases of early gastric carcinoma treated from 1988 to 1995 in Bangalore. All the cases underwent surgery after being diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy. One patient died of an unrelated cause 2 years after surgery. The remaining 7 patients are asymptomatic and without recurrence.

GM2 gangliosidoses: a review of cases confirmed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase assay.

The inborn errors of GM2 ganglioside metabolism cause GM2 ganglioside to accumulate within the lysosomes of the nerve cells. The majority of the patients are infants with the Tay-Sachs form of the disease associated with a severe deficiency of beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase A (hexosaminidase A). Both Hexosaminidase A and B are deficient in Sandhoff disease. The serum total hexosaminidase and the percentage of hexosaminidase A and B were estimated in 449 patients who presented with progressive mental-motor retardation. Three cases of Tay-Sachs disease and two cases of Sandhoff disease were detected. They presented with exaggerated startle response to acoustic stimuli, seizures, optic atrophy and retinal cherry red spots in addition to psychomotor retardation. One case of Sandhoff disease had hepatosplenomegaly and skeletal deformities.